William James:
Articles:
Moral Equivalent of War- Very popular essay by James that is often cited as a philosophical base for adventure education. James calls for a "moral equivalent of war" to be created through a war against nature. Such a war would include improving societies ability to cope with nature very similar to what the Peace Corp does today. This equivalent of war would also help the participants form positive attributes that war occasionally forms in combatants such as cooperativeness and compassion. In this way the negative aspects or immoral nature of war can be avoided while still providing a means toward character development.
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